Parking Mandates
How Parking Mandates Are Making Urban Housing Expensive
September 23, 2026
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Parking Regulations and Housing Affordability: A Comparative Review of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh 

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This paper examines the off-street parking regulations governing residential development in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, and assesses their implications for housing affordability. The three states adopt distinct regulatory approaches. Kerala, under the Kerala Municipality Building Rules, 2019, and Tamil Nadu, under the Tamil Nadu Combined Development and Building Rules, 2019, prescribe parking per dwelling unit, differentiated by unit size. Andhra Pradesh, under the Andhra Pradesh Building Rules, 2017, prescribes parking as a proportion of the total built-up area of a development. Each state also mandates visitor parking of between 10 and 15 per cent.

To assess the practical effect of these provisions, the chapter models a residential building of 40,000 sq ft built-up area under each regulatory framework. The analysis finds that none of the three states links its principal parking ratio to income group. The paper accordingly recommends that parking norms be calibrated to dwelling-unit size and to prevailing patterns of vehicle ownership.

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