Policy Briefs

April 27, 2026
Rural Mobility in Karnataka

Strengthening Rural Mobility in Karnataka

Rural mobility in Karnataka remains unreliable despite significant investments into road connectivity and affordability interventions such as the Shakti Scheme. Increased ridership has not been matched by expanded supply, resulting in chronic overcrowding, limited route coverage, and service gaps that […]
April 7, 2026
Shared Mobility in Karnataka

Shared Mobility in Karnataka: Regulatory Constraints within the Stage–Contract Carriage Framework

Shared mobility services in smaller passenger vehicles such as autorickshaws and motorcabs are structurally incompatible with Karnataka’s current regulatory framework. The Karnataka Motor Vehicles Rules (KMVR), 1989, and the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, regulate vehicles by drawing a strict distinction […]
April 7, 2026
Shared Mobility in Tamil Nadu

Shared Mobility Services in Tamil Nadu: Regulatory Ambiguities within the Stage–Contract Carriage Framework 

Shared mobility services using small passenger vehicles (share autorickshaws) are commonly observed in urban corridors of Tamil Nadu. However, the legal framework governing these services continues to rely on the traditional contract carriage under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. While […]
April 7, 2026
Shared mobility in Kerala

Why Shared Mobility Services Cannot Legally Operate in Kerala: Structural Constraints within the Stage–Contract Carriage Framework

Shared mobility services in smaller passenger vehicles such as autorickshaws and motor cabs are structurally incompatible with Kerala’s current regulatory framework. The Kerala Motor Vehicles Rules (KMVR), 1989, and the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, regulate vehicles by drawing a strict […]