Keralam Beyond 2030 Issue Briefs

October 23, 2026
Vypin Route Nationalisation

CPPR Issue Brief | Vypin Route Nationalisation: A Double Legal Hurdle for the Citizens of Vypin

The note examines the legal and regulatory challenges associated with the entry of private buses from Vypin into Ernakulam city, with particular reference to the Keralam Government’s draft route nationalisation scheme published on 17 May 2023. It highlights how the […]
May 22, 2026
Kerala’s public transport debate

Public Interest and the Vortex of Bus Route Nationalisation

The phrase “public interest” is one of the most frequently invoked justifications in transport policy and perhaps one of the least clearly defined. Under Section 99 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (and the earlier Section 68C of the Motor […]