Policy Briefs

April 7, 2026
Shared Mobility in Karnataka

Shared Mobility in Karnataka: Regulatory Constraints within the Stage–Contract Carriage Framework

Shared mobility services in smaller passenger vehicles such as autorickshaws and motorcabs are structurally incompatible with Karnataka’s current regulatory framework. The Karnataka Motor Vehicles Rules (KMVR), 1989, and the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, regulate vehicles by drawing a strict distinction […]
April 7, 2026
Shared Mobility in Tamil Nadu

Shared Mobility Services in Tamil Nadu: Regulatory Ambiguities within the Stage–Contract Carriage Framework 

Shared mobility services using small passenger vehicles (share autorickshaws) are commonly observed in urban corridors of Tamil Nadu. However, the legal framework governing these services continues to rely on the traditional contract carriage under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. While […]
April 7, 2026
Shared mobility in Kerala

Why Shared Mobility Services Cannot Legally Operate in Kerala: Structural Constraints within the Stage–Contract Carriage Framework

Shared mobility services in smaller passenger vehicles such as autorickshaws and motor cabs are structurally incompatible with Kerala’s current regulatory framework. The Kerala Motor Vehicles Rules (KMVR), 1989, and the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, regulate vehicles by drawing a strict […]
November 13, 2025

Reviving Kerala’s Private Bus: An Answer to the State’s Financial Woes?

Kerala’s Fiscal Struggles and the Search for New Revenue Sources According to the Kerala Budget for 2025-26, the state is projected to face a revenue deficit of ₹27,124 crores, while its public debt stands at ₹40,848 crores. Kerala has been […]